Review modal verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to DanishClass101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 2 - How Can You Make Your Danish Report Better? John here. |
| Nana: Hej I'm Nana. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll review the Modal Verbs... |
| Nana: kunne, skulle, and ville |
| John: and the adverb |
| Nana: ikke. |
| John: This conversation takes place at an office. |
| Nana: It's between Helle and Kim. |
| John: The speakers are an employer and an employee. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Helle: Jeg har læst din rapport. Kan du uddybe resultaterne? |
| Kim: Mener du, at jeg skal præcisere konklusionen? |
| Helle: Nej, du skal uddybe resultaterne via yderligere spørgeskemaer. |
| Kim: Undskyld, så det vil sige, at jeg skal foretage endnu en undersøgelse? |
| Helle: Ja, der skal lidt mere til. Kan du følge mig? |
| Kim: Tja... Men hvad med layoutet? |
| Helle: Jeg er ikke sikker på, at jeg forstår. |
| Kim: Skal jeg ændre layoutet? |
| Helle: Nej, det er fint. Lad os lige vende tilbage til det, vi talte om. |
| Kim: Nårh ja, undskyld. Jeg skal foretage endnu en undersøgelse til en uddybende rapport. |
| Helle: Ja. Står det klart? Du ved, hvad jeg mener? |
| Kim: Soleklart! Jeg har fattet det. |
| Helle: Endelig...! Jeg troede, vi skulle være her til efter lukketid. |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Helle: Jeg har læst din rapport. Kan du uddybe resultaterne? |
| Helle: I have read your report. Can you elaborate on the results? |
| Kim: Mener du, at jeg skal præcisere konklusionen? |
| Kim: Do you mean that I have to clarify the conclusion? |
| Helle: Nej, du skal uddybe resultaterne via yderligere spørgeskemaer. |
| Helle: No, you have to elaborate on the results through additional questionnaires. |
| Kim: Undskyld, så det vil sige, at jeg skal foretage endnu en undersøgelse? |
| Kim: I'm sorry, so that means that I have to conduct another survey? |
| Helle: Ja, der skal lidt mere til. Kan du følge mig? |
| Helle: Yes, it needs a little more. Do you follow me? |
| Kim: Tja... Men hvad med layoutet? |
| Kim: Well... But what about the layout? |
| Helle: Jeg er ikke sikker på, at jeg forstår. |
| Helle: I'm not sure that I understand. |
| Kim: Skal jeg ændre layoutet? |
| Kim: Should I change the layout? |
| Helle: Nej, det er fint. Lad os lige vende tilbage til det, vi talte om. |
| Helle: No, it's fine. Let's just get back to what we were talking about. |
| Kim: Nårh ja, undskyld. Jeg skal foretage endnu en undersøgelse til en uddybende rapport. |
| Kim: Oh yeah, sorry. I have to conduct another survey for an elaborate report. |
| Helle: Ja. Står det klart? Du ved, hvad jeg mener? |
| Helle: Yes. Is it clear? You know what I mean? |
| Kim: Soleklart! Jeg har fattet det. |
| Kim: Clear as daylight! I’ve grasped it. |
| Helle: Endelig...! Jeg troede, vi skulle være her til efter lukketid. |
| Helle: Finally...! I thought we were going to be here till after closing time. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: It took a little while, but finally Kim was able to figure out what he needs to do. |
| Nana: Yes, thankfully they didn’t have to stay there till after closing time! |
| John: It was all very friendly though. Is that typical of a Danish workplace? |
| Nana: Yes, I think people are pretty informal. There is an appreciation of community and initiative too. |
| John: Community? Does that mean that things are pretty equal in the workplace? |
| Nana: Yes, overall, there isn’t much emphasis placed on hierarchy. |
| John: So it’s more equal. How about in decision-making? |
| Nana: That too. Taking part in decision-making is seen as something positive, but the superior one, or the boss, still gets the final word, of course. |
| John: What about labor laws? Are they strict? |
| Nana: The Working Environment Act sets out several laws that must be followed to prevent accidents and illnesses. |
| John: Good! Are workers protected if they need to go on maternity or paternity leave? |
| Nana: Yes, barselsloven, or the “Maternity Leave Act”, means some people can claim full or partial pay for 52 weeks. |
| John: Neat! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Nana: uddybe [natural native speed] |
| John: to elaborate |
| Nana: uddybe [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: uddybe [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: mene [natural native speed] |
| John: to mean, to think, to feel |
| Nana: mene [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: mene [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: præcisere [natural native speed] |
| John: to clarify, to specify |
| Nana: præcisere [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: præcisere [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: yderligere [natural native speed] |
| John: further, additional |
| Nana: yderligere [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: yderligere [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: sige [natural native speed] |
| John: to say, to tell |
| Nana: sige [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: sige [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: følge [natural native speed] |
| John: to follow, to accompany, to go with, to see, to attend |
| Nana: følge [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: følge [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: hvad med [natural native speed] |
| John: what about, how about |
| Nana: hvad med [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: hvad med [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: tilbage [natural native speed] |
| John: back, backwards, left |
| Nana: tilbage [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: tilbage [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have.. |
| Nana: klar [natural native speed] |
| John: clear, obvious, ready |
| Nana: klar [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: klar [natural native speed] |
| John: And last.. |
| Nana: fatte [natural native speed] |
| John: to understand, to grasp |
| Nana: fatte [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: fatte [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Nana: vende tilbage til |
| John: Meaning "to get back to, to return to." |
| John: What can you tell us about this phrase? |
| Nana: First, there is the regular verb vende, which means "to turn," then the adverb tilbage, which means "back," and finally the preposition til, which means "to." |
| John: How do you use this phrase? |
| Nana: You use it to say that you are going back to something, such as a place, a topic, an action... |
| John: So it has many uses. |
| Nana: You might hear komme tilbage til instead, which basically means the same. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say... Kan vi snart vende tilbage til sagen? |
| John: ...which means "Can we get back to the case soon?" Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Nana: stå klar |
| John: Meaning "to be clear". What can you tell us about this? |
| Nana: This has the irregular verb stå, which means "to stand," and the adjective klar, which means "clear" or "ready." |
| John: So it means “to be clear”. How is it used? |
| Nana: You use it for expressing when something is clear or obvious. You can also use it when something is prepared and set up. |
| John: Like a scene? How do you say “The scene was ready”, using this phrase? |
| Nana: Scenen stod klar. |
| John: Can you give us another example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say... Det kan ikke stå mere klart. |
| John: ... which means "It cannot be more clear." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Nana: fatte det |
| John: Meaning "to understand it, to grasp it, to get it." What can you tell us about this? |
| Nana: This has the regular verb fatte, which means "to understand" or "to grasp," and the pronoun det, meaning "it." |
| John: You use this to show that we understand the meaning of something. |
| Nana: You can also use it for understanding someone’s way of thinking or behavior. |
| John: How do you say that you understand nothing? |
| Nana: One informal phrase you can use when you really don’t understand something at all is fatte hat, which literally means “to understand hat.” |
| John: Can you give us an example using the original phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say... Hun har ikke fattet det hele endnu. |
| John: ... which means "She has not grasped all of it yet." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about reviewing the modal verbs |
| Nana: kunne, skulle, and ville |
| John: And the adverb... |
| Nana: ikke. |
| John: Let’s start with these modal verbs. A modal verb is a verb used with other verbs to explain things such as ability, permission, and so on. In English, these are words like “can”, “might” and “must”. |
| Nana: In Danish, one such modal verb is kunne. It is used for expressing ability, possibility, and permission and also characteristic traits. |
| John: What is the sentence structure when asking questions with this modal verb? |
| Nana: Kunne in present or past tense, plus subject, plus infinitive plus object. |
| John: So how can I use it to say “Could you elaborate on the answers?” |
| Nana: Kunne I uddybe svarene? |
| John: Okay, thank you! And what was the next modal verb? |
| Nana: Ville. It means “will,” “to want to,” or “would,” and it is most often used when expressing desire or will. |
| John: What is the sentence structure when asking questions? |
| Nana: It’s the same as for kunne. An example sentence is Ville han uddybe det lidt? |
| John: “Did he want to elaborate on it a little?” What is the third modal verb from this lesson? |
| Nana: Skulle. It means “to have to,” “must,” or “should,” and it is used as an auxiliary verb with other verbs when expressing possibility and obligation. |
| John: It can also be used for making suggestions. What is the sentence structure for this modal verb? |
| Nana: Subject plus skulle in present or past tense plus infinitive plus object. |
| John: So how do I say “We had to explain the two graphs”? |
| Nana: Vi skulle forklare de to grafer. |
| John: And finally for this lesson, is an adverb. |
| Nana: Yes, the adverb ikke. It means “not” and is used to make sentences, or a part of a sentence, negative. |
| John: How does it fit into a sentence? |
| Nana: In a main clause, it is placed after the first verb, no matter how many verbs there are. In subordinate clauses and questions, ikke is placed after the subject. |
| John: You can use this adverb to say that you don’t understand. |
| Nana: Yes, a common phrase is Jeg forstår det ikke. |
| John: This means “I do not understand it.” |
| Nana: Or you can say Det forstår jeg ikke |
| John: “I do not understand that.” I DO though, just to be clear. |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Nana: Hej hej |
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